maize breeding methods pdf

The leafy stalk of the plant produces pollen inflorescences and separate ovuliferous inflorescences called ears that yield kernels or seeds, which . c. 2. Breeding Methods- •1.Introduction- •Portugeese 1st introduced maize to India which were Mexican lines.Initial varieties were all introduced one like Sikkim primitive 1& 2. The maize breeding scheme at IITA can be broadly divided into categories of population improvement procedures that may lead to the development of OPVs or inbred line development for producing superior hybrids (Badu-Apraku and Fakorede 2018). Some of these often referred to as molecular methods, enable scientists to see the layout of the entire genome of any organism and to select plants with Method I, Method II, Method III and Method IV) would be the same or different between F 0 The causes of starvation and mal-nutrition are inextricably linked with poverty, lack of markets, poor political leadership, wars, etc. Explain regarding Modified Ear to Row method in Maize. Ammar ELAKHDAR. The use of haploids in breeding programs has many benefits and has been a useful tool in plant breeding programs for decades. Explain different measures of conservation of heterosis. A short summary of this paper. Ag CAC , Chiplima. Maize (Zea mays) or corn is a cereal crop which is grown widely throughout the world. Data from a diallel of the cycle-6 ear-to-row substrains showed that where less than 10 lines were selected, inbreeding appeared . When a comparison was made of yielding ability from seed saved from detasseled rows in ear-to-row plots and from seed saved in the experimental fields near by, the difference in yield was . Pollen effect (xenia) plays an important role in modifying biochemical constituents of maize (Zea mays L.) kernels. An adapted organic plant breeding approach must include . Maize Genetics Cooperation Newsletter vol 91 2017 Zhuo 2 2 Please note: Notes submitted to the Maize Genetics Cooperation Newsletter may be cited only with consent of authors. Detailed arguments are given suggesting that grouping of germplasm into divergent heterotic groups is advantageous due to a higher mean heterosis and hybrid performance and a reduced specific com- bining ability (SCA) variance and a lower ratio of SCA to general combining ability (GCA) variance. Modern breeding techniques of maize Finished. In view of the numerous advantages of doubled haploids in maize breeding, in-vivo haploid induction has been adapted as a routine method in many commercial hybrid maize breeding programs in Europe and North America (Schmidt, 2004; Seitz, 2005). This Paper. QPM a product of conventional plant breeding and an example of bio-fortification of a maize . ment of plant breeding methods. Nevertheless, haploid inducer lines are limited to a few plant species (Table 1) and have only been effectively used in maize breeding so far 3,13, and to lesser extent in potato breeding 8. The production and trade of maize (Zea mays L.) targeted at animal husbandry. 4 Plant Breeding Techniques 2015 FiBL technique in light of the principles of organic farming. Maize is one of the most important cereal crops grown for food, feed, and biofuel globally, and Brazil is the world's third-largest maize producer after the United States and China [1]. •2.Mass selection- •Before 1945 mass selection was only method. The researchers' goal is to breed maize plants with low susceptibility to frost and drought damage as part of the MAZE project. 2, 93-109. Seed rate for hybrid maize is 8 - 10 kg per acre in the case of ridges sowing. breeding. On average 5.8 percent of the anthers cultured produced calli. However, maize has been a leading and integral staple food for humans. 1. More maize is produced annually than any other grain. Hybrid varieties . . In India the total cropped area under maize is 6 million hectares with 1250 kg productivity. 13. Plant breeding is time-consuming and costly. Seed rate for fodder crop or for broadcasting is 40 - 50 kg per acre. Conventional breeding practices can now be complemented by a number of new and powerful techniques. 2004, Hammer et al. Once established, the method allows production of doubled haploid lines in large numbers at low costs. In the ear-to-row test alternate rows were detasseled to prevent inbreeding. Maize (Zea mays L.) is a remarkable plant. Today the concept of heterotic groups and patterns is fundamental to hybrid breeding theory and . Presentation On Breeding Technique In Maize Guided by : Dr. Kaushik kumar Panigrahi Assistant Professor, Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics, College of Agriculture , Chiplima Submitted by : Abinash Das admsn no.- 07C/14 3rd year Bsc. (c) cytoplasm of two different plants but genome of one plant. A cybrid is a hybrid carrying. There exist approximately 50 species, which consist of different grain colors (especially white, yellow and red), textures, shapes and sizes. Bihar, Rajastan, Madhya Pradesh, Panjab […] development of . Since the initial discovery of haploids in the 1920's, haploid technology has allowed for an increased rate of genetic gain in crops such as maize by allowing efficient integration of desirable agronomic, phenotypic, and genomic traits into elite germplasm quickly and . Human societies depend upon maize for food, health, scientific knowledge, economic growth, culture and spirituality. maize, soy, potato, ryegrass and canola oil), especially in developed countries. with selection methods have already been described . breeding targets for testing (Podlich et al. 11.SOWING METHODS Maize can be sown on both flat soils as well as on the ridges. - Genetika, Vol. Mass selection is a method in which the best ears from the best plants would be selected from a population of maize plants. Ray Hawk Maize breeders cross various strains of the plant in hopes of creating increased kernel yields. Method of plant breeding - classification of plant breeding methods methods of breeding for self-pollinated, cross-pollinated and asexually propagated species - brief account of breeding methods 6. Thirty-eight different three-way crosses were tested for anther culture response. Handbook of Plant Breeding Arnel R. Hallauer • Marcelo J. Carena • J.B. Miranda Filho Quantitative Genetics in Maize Breeding Public investment in maize breeding from 1865 to 1996 was $3 billion (Crosbie et al., 2004) and the return on investment was $260 billion as a consequence of applied maize breeding, even without full understanding of the genetic basis of heterosis. 36, No. Utilization of the doubled haploid method of breeding usually shortens the time to cultivar release, and methods of haploid production need evaluation in a breeding programme. Keywords: Breeding method, breeding phases, history, Landrace, trials INTRODUCTION Major factors for increased production in agriculture are acreage, management practices, inputs, and variety. No. Evaluation of the results of six years of selection in the Kitale maize breeding methods study proved reciprocal recurrent selection to be an effective interpopulation improvement method. Download Free PDF. This paper. 20. Ans. Phenotypic methods range from the conventional low throughput manual-based Breeding methods in cross pollinated crops RECURRENT SELECTION 21. READ PAPER. The status growing maize on large scale are Uttar Pradesh. Maize breeding is an attempt to genetically and environmentally enhance maize crops so that they are more resistant to disease and pests, more productive, and more tolerant of adverse weather conditions. PDF | On Mar 28, 2007, P.M. Salimath and others published Conventional breeding methods | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate Among the known waxy alleles of Chinese waxy maize landraces, wx-D7 and wx-D10 are mutations caused by sequence deletion: wx-D7 is a 30-bp sequence deletion in exon 7 and wx-D10 is a 15-bp sequence deletion in exon 10 (Fan et al. mays, from Spanish: maíz after Taino: mahiz), also known as corn (North American and Australian English), is a cereal grain first domesticated by indigenous peoples in southern Mexico about 10,000 years ago. Introduction The maize (Zea mays L.) is a monoic annual plant which belongs to maideas tribe and the grass family of gramineae, and their cells have 2n chromosomes. Fundamentals of Plant Breeding Plant breeding is an art and science of changing the genetics of plants for the benefit of humankind. The outstanding example of the exploitation of hybrid vigour through the use of F1 hybrid varieties has been with corn (maize). Maize breeding at BARI initially concentrated solely on open-pollinated varieties; eight varieties were released between 1986 and 2002. the development of molecular breeding. Commercial maize hybrid production has corroborated the usefulness of producing inbred lines; however, the delivery of new lines has always been a major time constraint in breeding programs. susceptible genotypes from the breeding program. The objectives of this study were to i) evaluate the effect of . a) Bulk method YES b) Backcross method c) Pedigree method d) Pureline method 27 Wheat variety MLKS 11 was developed by . methods: ear-to. Traditional methods for developing inbred lines typically require 6 to 10 generations of self-pollination to obtain sufficient homozygosity. The ability to partially select DH lines based on genotypic data while maintaining or improving genetic gains for key traits using phenotypic selection can result in significant . Its aims to improve the various characteristics of plants so that they become more desirable agronomically A total of 29 inbred lines from Maize Research Institute "Zemun Polje" (MRIZP) breeding The company eventually became known as Pioneer Hi-Bred International, Inc. Now a DuPont subsidiary, Pioneer is the world's leading developer 2008, 2009).Studies have shown that wx-D7 is widely distributed in the waxy maize in northern China, while wx-D10 is widely distributed in the waxy maize in southern . Maize is a type of grain produced for human consumption in many forms and as a source . Future improvements in maize productivity will require more effective utilization of genetic resources including . Will plant breeding end hunger? Large seed business uses it as core breeding method and . United status produces 50% of the world production. Molecular breeding deals with the manipulation of (MAS) along with the conventional methods of plant breeding developed ones with similar procedure in its application and use. Mass selection has long been a major method of breeding cross-pollinated species, especially in the economically less important species. and methods for two cereal crops and two legume crops based on random Genetic cross-validation. Traditional corn breeding methods will . world (e.g., maize, wheat, rice). 14. 37 Full PDFs related to this paper. testing method, irrigation, weeding and weed control method, identification and management of pest and disease in maize, crop harvesting method, storage method, IPM method, preparation of organic pesticide etc., it is believed to be useful to especially farmers, respective technicians as well as to other readers. knowledge of maize genetics and understanding of the structure and behaviour of maize genomes. A wide range of methods, entailing subtle variations, have been used both for population improvement and . methods for their breeding must also be addressed. The expansion of the poultry industry in the 1990s created demand for poultry feed, and private companies and the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee, the country's . INTRODUCTION A great diversity of morphological, physiological and biochemical traits of maize, together with a very broad adaptability and genetic variability provide the . The method reported by a Syngenta research group was termed HI-Edit (Kelliher et al., 2019). Maize breeders have improved productivity through selection on phenotype. Plant Breeding is a method of altering the genetic pattern of plants to increase their value and utility for human welfare. Seed is dressed with some systemic insecticide, for example imidacloprid at the rate of 1g per kg of seed. Ear-to-row selection was effective in improving 'Kitale Composite A' (KCA). The expansion of the poultry industry in the 1990s created demand for poultry feed, and private companies and the Bangladesh Rural Advancement Committee, the country's . studied and most tractable genetic system among monocots. An established breeding program with clear aims and reasonable resources will Prior to 1909, nearly all maize breeding was done by farmers or farmer/seedsmen, who used mass selection as their main breeding method (Hallauer et al. In the early 90s a survey on food uses of maize and their preparation methods was conducted by the Institute of Agricultural Research (IAR) in major . - Repeated cycles of selective mating. Plant breeding has been playing significant role in developing high yielding varieties and suitable to diverse environments. Maize is one of the most important economic crops and the best. Plant introduction - primary introduction and secondary introduction history of plant . Modified ear-to-row method This modification of ear to row method was widely used in breeding of maize in U.S.A. and was responsible for the development of several varieties. The. Breeding Methods For Cross-pollinated Crops Breeding Approaches for Cross-pollinated Crops-Scope lies on modifying the Hardy-Weinberg Equilibrium A. In maize (Zea mays L.) breeding programs, it is very important to define a genetic distance of inbred lines and to establish criteria and biometric methods for the satisfactory germplasm classification. Some mass selected varieties are KT 1 in UP and RAS 1 in Rajasthan. 1926, Wallace's backyard maize breeding experiments led to the birth of the Hi-Bred Corn Company, the first company to develop, produce and market hybrid maize. In maize, doubled haploid (DH) line production capacity of large-sized maize breeding programs often exceeds the capacity to phenotypically evaluate the complete set of testcross candidates in multi-location trials. Presentation on Breeding Techniques in Maize. Plant Breeding is the science of changing the traits of plants in order to produce desired characteristics. Download Full PDF Package. - Slow, steady, and long-term program Three distinctive features of the approach: a. Selection Methods in Plant Breeding. A short summary of this paper. PRINCIPLES AND PLANT BREEDING METHODS OF FIELD CROPS IN INDIA. Plant Breeding Practices in Maize (Zea mays L. 2n=20) Maize is second leading crop after wheat. Worldwide, the top 10 companies (d) genome of two different plants. BHU, Varanasi (Rabi 2014-15 to Kharif 2017) with four maize inbreds using three maintenance methods (selfing, half-sibbing and full-sibbing) for four . Download Free PDF. Maize (/ m eɪ z / MAYZ; Zea mays subsp. a, Nucleotide diversity of inbred lines from different maize breeding eras in the United States and China.b,c, Genome-wide averaged distance of LD decayed to r 2 = 0.2 for different US inbred . Download PDF. PDF | On Jul 23, 2020, Vipparthi Swana Latha and others published Maize Breeding Manual | Find, read and cite all the research you need on ResearchGate . USDA-ARS and NC State University have maintained collaborative research on maize breeding and genetics since 1960. increase breeding efficiency, and is broadly accepted in maize breeding programs around the world. Information gathered here are important tools to breeders for selection of the best breeding methods that are used to impart resistance to northern leaf blight disease in maize. 1. method of plant breeding? 1988). CORE - Aggregating the world's open access research papers breeding occurs and the techniques breeders use. Full PDF Package Download Full PDF Package. Current collaborators include: Major Goodman, maize breeding and genetics, Department of Crop and Soil Sciences. by a single cross, which would accelerate breeding in a wide range of crops (Kelliher et al., 2019; Wang et al., 2019a). List out different types of maize along with their scientific name. These methods can be utilized at all stages of the selection process, and can effectively assist in the selection of more resistant genotypes frequently before flowering. We compared four breeding methods, conventional Germplasm Enhancement of Maize (CG), conventional mass (CM), modified single seed descent (MSSD), and doubled haploid (DH) methods, for their relative capacity to produce superior maize inbred lines and hybrids from three GEM breeding crosses: (ANTIG01 × N16) × DE4, (AR16035 × S02) × S09, and . Therefore, this review aimed at bridging the disease genetics information and the practical application of breeding methods to be employed by breeders in fields. The current paper reviews various maize yield estimation methods, taking into account available yield parameters, and it also analyses the yield gap between maize . Based on GP results, we speculate how GS in germplasm enhancement (i.e., prebreeding) programs could accelerate the flow of genes from gene bank accessions to elite lines. Herein, we report on past, current and future developments relevant for maize breeding with regard to (1) genome analysis, (2) germplasm diversity characterization and utilization, (3 . It is likely that a combination of both methods will be applied with different approaches attempted depending on the breeding populations and knowledge of traits contributing to improved drought tolerance in the target drought environments. Maize Based Food Products in Ethiopia: A Review of Traditional Practices and . Mass selection has long been a major method of breeding cross-pollinated species, especially in the economically less important species. It is understood that today nearly one billion people live in poverty and are malnourished or food insecure despite global crop surpluses. Some QPM hybrids and Introduction together provides nearly 30% of the food Maize (Zea mays L., 2n=20) domains a The techniques for preparing of inoculums for various maize diseases and field inoculation methods/techniques and disease (a) genornes and cytoplast of two different plants. Hybridisation & Heterosis MCQs. It typically takes more than ten years for a variety to proceed from the initial breeding stages through to commercial release. Standardization of crop yield estimation methods at various levels of farming helps to obtain accurate agricultural statistics as well as assessing the suitability of agricultural practices under various production conditions.
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